Nuclear Reactors

Nuclear reactors are devices used to initiate and control a sustained nuclear chain reaction. They are primarily designed for generating electricity, but they can also produce research materials, medical isotopes, and propulsion for naval vessels. In a nuclear reactor, the nucleus of an atom—usually uranium or plutonium—is split in a process called nuclear fission, releasing a significant amount of energy in the form of heat. This heat is used to produce steam, which drives turbines connected to generators to produce electricity.

Nuclear reactors are classified into several types, including pressurized water reactors (PWR), boiling water reactors (BWR), and advanced gas-cooled reactors (AGR), each with specific designs and operational characteristics. They are essential components of the nuclear power industry and play a critical role in the energy strategies of many countries, contributing to low-carbon electricity generation. Safety and efficiency in reactor design and operation are paramount to mitigate risks associated with radiation and nuclear accidents.