Ecology

Ecology is the branch of biological science that studies the interactions between organisms and their environment, as well as the relationships among various organisms within ecosystems. It encompasses the examination of distribution, abundance, biomass, and the dynamics of living organisms, including plants, animals, and microorganisms, as they interact with one another and with their physical surroundings. Ecology aims to understand the structure and function of ecosystems and the processes that sustain them, including nutrient cycling, energy flow, and the impact of human activities. By analyzing these interactions at different levels—from individuals to populations, communities, and entire ecosystems—ecology provides insights into biodiversity, environmental health, and the effects of climate change, pollution, and habitat destruction on natural systems.